NOUN CLAUSES

A noun clause is a dependent clause and cannot stand alone as a sentence.  It must be connected to an independent clause, a main clause. A noun clause has its own subject and verb. It can begin with a question word. It can begin with if or whether. And it can begin with that. 

Noun clause is a clause (ie subject and verb) is used as a noun. Noun clause in the sentence is generally used as subject and object of the sentence.

Noun clauses can be initiated by:

Ø  Question word or relative pronoun question whether a single word or phrase:
           o Single question word (ie when, how, what, ect.).
           o Question word + determiner / noun / adjective / adverb.
           o Question word + infinitive.

Ø  Conjunction (i.e. whether and if).

Ø  That or the fact that.

FORMULA :

S+V+O

                                                         
1. Single question words.

            Noun clauses can be placed at the beginning of a sentence (as subject) or as an object. If you want to change the position of the subject noun clause object sentences into sentences, it is usually necessary pronoun or a slightly modified words. The above example becomes:

    1. It is still unknown where she is now.
    2. Do you know when They arrive?
    3. Two Hollywood movies starred by Jennifer Love Hewitt are I know what you did last summer and I still know what you did last summer. Because the title of movies, noun clause what you did last summer did not need to be rotated position.

2. Question words ever + / soever

            Except how, at the end of question words can ever or soever be added Whenever = whensoever, whatever = whatsoever, and so on. Meaning here ever or soever the same, that it / was, living combined with a question word in front of him. Meanwhile, how + ever be however (ie adverb or also called transition words that mean yet / even if the case) are not included in this category.

3. Question words + nouns

            Question words + nouns that are used among other things: what time (time), what day (any day), what time (time), what kind (kind), what type (what type), Whose + nouns (ie Whose car, Whose book, ect.), and so on.

example:

    A. I can not remember what day we will take the exam.
    2. As long as I am faithful, she does not care what type of family I come from. (= loyal faithful).
    3. Do you know what time it is?
    4. I do not know Whose car is parked in front of my house.

4. Question words + adjectives

            Question + words frequently used adjectives such as: how long (how long / long), how far (how far), how old (how old / aged), ect.

example:

    A. Man! She still looks young. Do you know how old she actually is?
    2. I am lost. Could you tell me how far it is from here to the post office?
    3. What a jerk. He did not even ask how long I had been waiting for him.

B. Noun clauses beginning with whether / if

            Whether could be followed by the OR / NOT can not; meaning of the sentence is usually the same, although OR / NOT is not mentioned (this depends on the context of the sentence). For use if, in addition to conjunctions discussed topic, the topic was also dealt with conditionals. Note: whether the same pronunciation with the weather (weather), his writing is also similar. Be careful, do not be confused.

C. Noun clauses beginning with that / the fact That

            That means that here, while the fact That means the fact that. Meanwhile, that means that the adjective clauses.

example:

    A. That she has had a PhD degree at the age of 20 surprises a lot of people = It surprises a lot of People that she has had a PhD degree at the age of 20.
    2. It is the fact That the world is round = the fact That the world is round is well known.
    3. It was obvious she was very sick That = The fact she was very sick That was obvious.
    4. It seems a That it is going to rain soon.

KEY ANSWER :

1)    Is Maria at home?

               I don't know if Maria is at home.

2)     Does this bus go to Los Angeles?

               I don't know if this bus goes to Los Angeles.

3)     Did Juan go to Mexico?

               I wonder if Juan went to Mexico.

4)    How old is Kate?

I don't know how old she is.

5)    Where did Juan go?

I don't know where he went.

Conjunctions

Some words are satisfied spending an evening at home, alone, eating ice-cream right out of the box, watching Seinfeld re-runs on TV, or reading a good book. Others aren't happy unless they're out on the town, mixing it up with other words; they're joiners and they just can't help themselves. A conjunction is a joiner, a word that connects (conjoins) parts of a sentence.

A conjunction is a word that "joins". A conjunction joins two parts of a sentence. Here are some example conjunctions:

Coordinating Conjunctions	Subordinating Conjunctions
and, but, or, nor, for, yet, so	although, because, since, unless

We can consider conjunctions from three aspects.

Form

Conjunctions have three basic forms:

• Single Word
  for example: and, but, because, although
• Compound (often ending with as or that)
  for example: provided that, as long as, in order that
• Correlative (surrounding an adverb or adjective)
  for example: so...that

Function

Conjunctions have two basic functions or "jobs":

• Coordinating conjunctions are used to join two parts of a sentence that are grammatically equal. The two parts may be single words or clauses, for example:
  - Jack and Jill went up the hill.
  - The water was warm, but I didn't go swimming.
• Subordinating conjunctions are used to join a subordinate dependent clause to a main clause, for example:
  - I went swimming although it was cold.
• Position

• Coordinating conjunctions always come between the words or clauses that they join.
• Subordinating conjunctions usually come at the beginning of the subordinate clause.

Common Subordinating Conjunctions
after although as as if as long as as though because before even if even though	if if only in order that now that once rather than since so that than that	though till unless until when whenever where whereas wherever while

 KEY ANSWER :

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1. Secretary to Boss: Do you want anything else ____ can I go home now?

and
or
but

2. I love to travel _____ I hate travelling by bus.

so
or
but

3. I'm bored! Let's go out to dinner _____ see a movie.

so
but
and 

4. I like living in the city _____ my brother prefers living in the country.

so
or
but 

5. Betty's just got a promotion at work ____ she's very happy.

or
so
but

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