NAME       : JUWITA FATMA SARI

NPM         : 13211894

CLASS      : 4EA26

TUGAS 4

A.  DEFINITION CONNECTORS

A simple device that physically links, couples, or connects, two things together. A male connector has pins that fit into the sockets, or receptacles, of a female connector, as the connectors mate. A male connector sometimes is referred to as a plug, and a female connector as a jack.

SENTENCE CONNECTORS

Example:

·         He didn't go to work because he was sick.

·         Although John was unhappy, he still smiled.

COORDINATE CONJUCTION CONNECTORS

Example :

·         I love running and swimming. (antar verb)

·         Rita and I arrived this morning, and we just left 10 minutes ago. (antar independent clause)

ADJECTIVE CLAUSE CONNECTORS

Example :

·         He is the man who works hard to support their daily needs.

·         The woman whom you saw last night is my sister.

·         The man, whose car is antique, works as a lecturer.

TIME CONNECTORS

Example :

·         I will sign the check before you live.

·         Before you live, I will sign the check.

B.  DEFINITION RELATIVE CLAUSES

As the name suggests, defining relative clauses give essential information to define or identify the person or thing we are talking about. Take for example the sentence: Dogs that like cats are very unusual. In this sentence we understand that there are many dogs in the world, but we are only talking about the ones that like cats. 

The defining relative clause gives us that information. If the defining relative clause were removed from the sentence, the sentence would still be gramatically correct, but its meaning would have changed significantly.

Defining relative clauses are composed of a relative pronoun (sometimes omitted), a verb, and optional other elements such as the subject or object of the verb. Commas are not used to separate defining relative clauses from the rest of the sentence. Commas or parentheses are used to separate non-defining relative clauses from the rest of the sentence.

Examples :

• Children who hate chocolate are uncommon.
• They live in a house whose roof is full of holes.
• An elephant is an animal that lives in hot countries.
• Let's go to a country where the sun always shines.
• The reason why I came here today is not important.

·    Top of Form

·    Bottom of Form

C.  DEFINITION ADJECTIVE & ADVERB

An adjective is a word or set of words that modifies (i.e., describes) a noun or pronoun.

Examples :

·         That is a cute puppy.

·         She likes a high school senior.

Adjectives may also follow the word they modify:

Examples :

·         That puppy looks cute.

·         The technology is state-of-the-art.

ADVERB

An adverb is a word or set of words that modifies verbs, adjectives, or other adverbs.

Examples :

·         He speaks slowly (modifies the verb speaks)

·         He is especially clever (modifies the adjective clever)

·         He speaks all too slowly (modifies the adverb slowly)

An adverb answers how, when, where, or to what extent—how often or how much (e.g., daily, completely).

Examples:

·         He speaks slowly (answers the question how)

·         He speaks very slowly (answers the question how slowly)

SUMBER :

http://www.webopedia.com/TERM/C/connector.html

http://www.edufind.com/english-grammar/defining-relative-clauses/

http://www.grammarbook.com/grammar/adjAdv.asp

NAME       : JUWITA FATMA SARI

NPM          : 13211894

CLASS       : 4EA26

TUGAS 4

Causative Verbs

Causative verbs express an action which is caused to happen. In other words, when I have something done for me I cause it to happen. In other words, I do not actually do anything, but ask someone else to do it for me. This is the sense of causative verbs. Intermediate to advanced level English learners should study the causative verb as an alternative to the passive voice.

1. MAKE

'Make' as a causative verb expresses the idea that the person requires another person to do something.

Construction Chart

Subject + Make + Person + Base Form of Verb

Examples:

A. Peter made her do her homework.
B. The teacher made the students stay after class.

C. The manager makes her staff work hard

D. My teacher made me apologize for what I had said

E. Did she makes you wear that ugly hat?
F. My teacher made me apologize for what I had said.
G. Did somebody make you wear that ugly hat?
H. She made her children do their homework.
I. The robbers made the bank clerk open the safe box.
J. Sometimes it’s hard for parents to make their children study regularly.

2. HAVE

'Have' as a causative verb expresses the idea that the person wants something to be done for them. This causative verb is often used when speaking about various services. There are two forms of the causative verb 'have'.

Construction Chart: Use 1

Subject + Have + Person + Base Form of Verb

Examples:

A. They had John arrive early.
B. She had her children cook dinner for her.

C. Had my brother take that glass (aktif)

D. Mr. Setia had Lillie check the paper (aktif)
E. I had my jacket cleaned yesterday (pasif)
F. I had my computer fixed (pasif)
G. Dr. Smith had his nurse take the patient's temperature.
H. Please have your secretary fax me the information.
I. I had the mechanic check the brakes.
J. Will have my friend do my homework.

3. GET

The use of the verb Get similar to haves but with different sentence structure. The formula used is as follows:

Active: S + (get / got) + agent + action verb (to infinitive) Passive: S + (got) + object + action verb (V-3)

Example: 

A. He got his father to buy a ball (active)
B.  I got my jacket cleaned (passive)

C. Susie got her son to take the medicine even though it tasted terrible.

D. How can parents get their children to read more?

E. The government TV commercials are trying to get people to stop smoking.

F. Luis got Helen to read more.

G. Advertising on television is trying to get people to quit smoking.

H. How can parents get their children to eat well?

I. She got her parents to buy her a tennis racket.

J. The boy got his cat to chase a mouse.

4. LET

This verb is used to let somebody do something. The formula used is as follows:

Active: S + let + agent + action verb (bare infinitive)

examples:

A. Wil you let me go now?

B.  She lets me drive her car

C.  My father lets me choose the gift

D. John let me drive his new car.

E. Will your parents let you go to the party?

F. I don't know if my boss will let me take the day off.

G. My sister does not let me enter her room.

H. My father lets me choose my own future carrier.

I. The shepherd lets his sheep graze in the meadow.

J. I'll let you borrow my bike.

SUMBER :

http://www.englishpage.com/minitutorials/let.html

http://www.myenglishpages.com/site_php_files/grammar-lesson-causative-verb.php

Being a global leader in Islamic finance

NAMA     : JUWITA FATMA SARI

KELAS    : 4EA26

NPM       : 13211894

TUGAS    : KEWIRAUSAHAAN

Kuliah Umum bersama Ronald Rulindo, Ph.D

“Being a global leader in Islamic finance”

Nama-nama tokoh dunia yang menjadi Global leader in Islamic Finance 

A.    Islamic Economist: Umar Chapra, Nejatullah Siddiqi, Humayan Dar

B.     Shari’ah Scholars : Mufti Taqi Uthmani , Sheikh Nizam Yaqubi, Dr. Daud Bakar

C.     Practitioners : Badlisyah Abdul Ghani, Daud Vicary Abdullah

D.    Academicians : Prof. Simon Archer , Prof. Volker Nienhauss

E.     Regulators & Infrastructure Developers : Dr. Zeti Akhtar Aziz, Prof. Dr. Rifaat Ahmed Abdel Karim 

Keuangan syari’ah dan konvensional tidak jauh berbeda, yaitu sama-sama merupakan lembaga penengah antara yang kelebihan dana dengan yang kekurangan dana. Bedanya adalah proses dari keuangan syari’ah yang berdasarkan islam.

Sistem peminjaman/kreditnya pun berbeda dengan konvensional, yaitu tanpa bunga. Lalu darimanakah pendapatan bank syari’ah diperoleh? Bank Syari’ah mendapatkan dana dari program seperti mudharabah, wadi’ah, musyarakah, ijarah wijarah dan lainnya. Peminjaman bunga dalam syari’ah dinilai sebagai Riba dan menciptakan ketidakadilan bagi beberapa pihak. Investasinya pun tidak sembarangan.

Riba tidak diperbolehkan dan haram, karena memiliki dampak :

·         Membawa ketidakadilan

·         Merusak perekonomian

·         Menyebabkan kemalasan

·         Tidak adanya investasi tanpa riba

·         Ketimpangan ekonomi 

Keuntungan dalam keuangan syari’ah diperbolehkan selama terkandung:

·         Kewajiban

·         Usaha

·         Resiko 

Sejarah Sistem Perbankan Syariah

Sejarah sistem perbankan syariah ini muncul karena dilandasi dengan kehadiran dua gerakan renaissance Islam modern. Tujuan utama dari pendirian lembaga keuangan berlandaskan etika ini adalah tiada lain sebagai upaya kaum muslimin untuk mendasari segenap aspek kehidupan ekonominya berlandaskan Al-Qur'an dan As-Sunnah. Upaya awal penerapan sistem profit and loss sharing tercatat di Pakistan dan Malaysia sekitar tahun 1940-an, yaitu adanya upaya mengelola dana jamaah haji secara nonkonvensional.

Rintisan institusional lainnya adalah Islamic Rural Bank di desa Mit Ghamr pada tahun 1963 di Kairo, Mesir. Setelah dua rintisan awal yang cukup sederhana itu, bank islam tumbuh dengan sangat pesat. Sesuai dengan analisa Prof. Khursid Ahmad dan laporan International Association of Islamic Bank, hingga akhir 1999 tercatat lebih dari dua ratus lembaga keuangan Islam yang beroperasi di seluruh dunia, baik di negara-negara berpenduduk muslim maupun di Eropa, Australia maupun Amerika.

Islamic Finance

Adalah suatu ilmu yang mempelajari ekonomi khususnya dibidang keuangan dan yang diatur berdasarkan prinsip-prinsip atau ajaran-ajaran agama islam. Tujuannya ialah agar kegiatan yang dilakukan oleh orang-orang yang ada di dunia tidak melanggar aturan-aturan agama.

Tujuan Islamic Finance

Tujuan ekonomi syariah adalah mengentaskan kemiskinan dan meningkatkan kesejahteraan masyarakat. Dengan ekonomi syariah akan meningkatkan pertumbuhan ekonomi.

Fenomena Riba dalam Aktifitas Ekonomi Masyarakat

Ada beberapa alasan mengapa riba tidak diperbolehkan, yaitu sebagai berikut:

1.      Karena riba tidak adil

2.      Riba berdampak pada krisis ekonomi

3.      Menyebabkan kemalasan

Financial Inclusion dan Financial Exclusion

Financial inclusion adalah suatu cara untuk mendapatkan akses masuk ke lembaga keuangan formal.

Sedangkan financial exclusion adalah cara yang tidak orang sukai untuk masuk ke lembaga keuangan formal, alasannya karena mereka tidak mau mendapatkan riba.

Boosting Economic Development

Ada beberapa cara untuk meningkatkan pembangunan ekonomi, sebagai berikut:

1.     Kemampuan teknikal

2.     Kemampuan manajerial

3.     Spiritual

Apa yang Harus di Lakukan untuk Menjadi Global Finance

1.     Niatkan dahulu

2.     Memperluas wawasan

3.     Meningkatkan pengetahuan

4.     Bangunlah visi

5.     Istiqomah

6.     Lakukanlah bersama-sama

Tujuan dari keuangan syari’ah ini adalah demi mewujudkan keadilan keuangan.

Bank syari’ah dimulai pada tahun 1960. Bank yang pada umumnya dikenali yaitu bank Dubai Islamic 1980an dan bank Muamalat Indonesia 1990an.

Produk jangka pendek Islamic finance:

·         Product development : pembiayaan modal kerja

·         Meningkatkan kualitas syari’ah governance : tata kelola syari’ah

·         Infrastruktur development : infrastruktur syari’ah melalui pendidikan dll

Produk jangka panjang Islamic Finance:

·         Social economy justice (masih sulit karena masih menggunakan produk bank konvensional. Produk dan Jasa Keuangan Syariah harus memiliki nilai tambah dan perbedaan dibandingkan produk konvensional 

·         Pengentasan kemiskinan : adanya zakat, infaq, sadaqah

·         Mendorong financial

·         Tercapainya economy development : mendorong UKM, tahap penyediaan dana, dapat membimbing / membantu/ mendampingi UKM adanya spirituality

Apa yang harus dilakukan untuk menjadi Global Leader in Islamic Finance?

·         Luruskan niat kepada Allah

·         Perluas wawasan

·         Memperbanyak ilmu

·         Bangun visi yang jelas.